Improvement in the manufacture of stone, cement, and plaster



I06. COMPOSITIONS,

COATING OR PLASTIC.

l wgzwi UNITED STATES l arc-q PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK RANSOME, OF IPSWICH, ENGLAND.

IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STONE, CEMENT, AND PLASTER.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 55,545, dated June 1'2,1866.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FREDERICK Ransom],

the following statementthereof-that is to say:

In the manufacture of artificial s topg, and also cement for plastering'lind other uses, I employ a mixture of chalk, quickliine, and solublesilicate; or, in addition to or in place of chalk in this compound,sand, clay, and other similar substances may be employed, as the chalkis not it self necessarily chemically acted on, but it serve s'to givesubstance to the composition, and makesit durable when molded into amass or applied as a plaster to a surface, which a compositionconsisting wholly of quicklime and soluble silicate is not.

Very useful compositions of this description are the following: rd

For artificial stones, chall' five parts by weight; guicklime one part ly weight; solution of s1 10a .2 o (specific gravity 1.700,) dilutet wiwa .cr 0 work to the consistence required, one part by weight. Or, chalktwo parts by weight; aked lime one part by wei ht sand ei ht par s y wei'litcla one pai t liy weight; a (speciii c silicate of sodagravity 1.700,) two parts by weight. Ur sand eightpartsbyweight; claonepartbyweiglit; uicklime one part y weight; solution of solulllesilica (specific gravity 1.700,) two parts By weight. If the mixturesare required for use as ce ments or plasters they should be mixed thin-Iner, and the solution of soluble silicate should be of less specificgravity. These compositions should be molded or applied as soon as theyare mixed, as they set rapidly; and I prefer to wash py erjhe surfapgafter the composition lias set with a solution of chloride of calcium--say specific gravity .n, or iereabout. In case the soluble silicateshould be in excess, this, however, is not essential.

'In some cases I make a compositiouconsisting of chalk, sand, or oth e siitable minm' r iron. Imix thiscompoundsoas to lirlng it to a plasticstate, and then iminediately mold it or apply it to the surface to becoated, when it is to be used as a plaster. I

This molding or spreading must be done ra'pidly, as thecompoundsetsliardalmostimine- "martntwitg isTHriinP of a o c oride ofcalcium one part. ln lDlXlllg these materials I prefer first to kneadtogether the chalk and silicate of soda, and afterward add to it and mixas rapidly as possible the solution of chloride of calcium, and when thematerials are properly mixed the composition is at once molded orapplied, as may be required. When the composition is required for use asa cement or plaster, the quantity of silicate of soda and of chloride ofcalcium is advantageously. increased, the specific gravities of thesolutions being reduced in proportion.

In making artificial stone suitable for rubbers or grinding-surfaces,the following ingredients may be used: One hundred-weight of 1.750, ortherealioutl The specific gravity of the silicate, however, will dependupon the purposes for which the rubbers, &c., are rebein gin proportionto the quantity and specific gravity of the silicate employed. Theglass, pumice-stone, or emery should be intimately mixed andincorporated with the silicate of soda in such manner as to render themixture convenient to be worked into molds or shapes.

The artificial stone, after being prepared as '5 above and allowed todry, is then treated with a solution of chloride of calcium o other solblesa lt of an alkaline earth or of aluminium or iron afi'cT'for tliispurposeT generally employ a solution of chloride of palcium of specificgravity 1.200 or w 1c is applied either by means of a common brush tothe surface or by simply immersing the stone in the solution, or whereconvenient by-fgrggiug tlngsolu: tion haw pores and interstices of thestone, 850., by means ofTiydraulic pumps or otherwise.

i l!1-. I would observe that in all cases silicate of diatel y after itis mixed.

good artificial stone of this description: Powdered chalk six parts;solution of silicate of sgda (specific gravity 1.200,) one part solution(specific gravity 1.200,) A

quired, the strength and,- hardness thereof realm-r round lass or roundumice-stone oremer o 'nc gallon silica e or 50(21 speci 0 gravi ..n....t l

potash may be employed in place of silicate ment, or plaster by mixingtogether in a paste a of soda; but it is more expensive and the rechalkor sand or other suitable mineral in E4" sult obtained will not beimproved. a powdered state, soluble silicate, and a solu- What I claimisble salt of any alkaline earth or of aluminium I 1. The manufacture ofartificial stone, ceor iron, substantially as described.

" ment, or plaster by mixing silicate of soda or FREDK. RANSOME.

potash with quicklime and chalk or sand or Witnesses:

" clay, or other similar substance, substantially G. F. WARREN,

as described. H. SOUTER,

2. The manufacture of artificial stone, ce- Bothof No.17 GracechurchStreet, London, E. O.

